Formal Charge Definition in Chemistry

Formal charge of FC is the difference between the number of valence electrons of each atom and the number of electrons the atom is associated with. Formal charge assumes any shared electrons are equally shared between the two bonded atoms.Formal charge is calculated using the equation:FC eV - eN - eB/2 whereeV number of valence electrons of the atom as if it were isolated from the moleculeeN number of unbound valence electrons on the atom in the moleculeeB number of electrons shared by the bonds to other atoms in the molecule Formal Charge Example Calculation For example, carbon dioxide or CO2 is a neutral molecule that has 16 valence electrons. There are three different ways to draw the Lewis structure for the molecule to determine formal charge: The carbon atom may be joined to both oxygen atom via double bonds (carbon 0, oxygen 0, formal charge 0)The carbon atom may have a single bond with one oxygen atom and a double bond to the other oxygen atom (carbon 1, oxygen-double 0, oxygen-single -1, formal charge 0)The carbon atom may be joined to each oxygen atom via single bonds (carbon 2, oxygens -1 each, formal charge 0) Each possibility results in a formal charge of zero, but the first choice is the best one because it predicts no charge in the molecule. This is more stable and thus is most likely. See how to calculate formal charge with another  example problem. Formal Charge Key Takeaways Formal charge (FC) is the electric charge of an atom in a molecule.It is calculated as the number of valence electrons minus half the number of electrons shared in a bond minus the number of electrons not bound in the molecule.Formal charge is used to estimate the way electric charge is distributed in a molecule.

How Ana Codes Of Ethics Affect Nursing Practice - 1084 Words

Code of Ethics According to the American Nursing Association, â€Å" Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations† (Association, Scope and Standards of Practice, 2010). In the case scenario, a middle aged man is admitted to the hospital because of his bleeding ulcer. He is homeless and admits that he drinks alcohol daily and we don’t know if the hospital and nursing staff should provide a great deal of resources in order to care for him. The purpose of this paper is to show how ANA codes of Ethics affect nursing practice by combining effective and richer care. The Code of Ethics help in determining how a competent nurse can provide a good quality care based on ethical values. The ANA is a professional organization that represents all the nation’s registered nurses. It helps the advancement of the nursing profession by issuing high standards of practice, and promoting the rights of nurses in the profession. The Code of Ethics is developed as a guide for carrying out nursing responsibilities, along with an appropriate quality in caring with the ethical obligations of the profession. Ethic has always been an essential part of nursing as nursing has a history of concern for the sick, injured. The Code of Ethics for Nurses serves these purposes: it servesShow MoreRelatedCode of Ethics for Nurses Essay1605 Words   |  7 Pages Wendell A. Garcia University of Phoenix March 18, 2008 American Nurses Association’s Code of Ethics for Nurses Ethics is an integral part of the foundation of nursing. Nursing has a distinguished history of concern for the welfare of the sick, injured, and vulnerable and for social justice. 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The Articles of Confederation Essay examples - 1612 Words

The Continental Congress between the years of 1776 and 1777 decided that the way of living was not suitable. After all had decided they drafted together, what we call The Articles of Confederation; â€Å"the document that defined the colonies’ collective sovereignty; drafted by the Continental Congress between 1776 and 1777, then ratified by the thirteen states in 1781†(Schultz 115). There was experimentation that was being done in the states that didn’t affect The Articles of Confederation. There wasn’t much change, as it was about the same from the late 1770s. The Articles provided each state their independence and granting very minimal power to the main federal government. Under the Articles of Confederation, there were powers strictly†¦show more content†¦There were two main achievements, â€Å" (I) the Articles established the United States as a government of law that placed limited on governments authority, and (2) the Articles created a national citizenship, which gave equal rights to qualifying members. There would be no titles or codification of classes in America† (Schultz 116). However, there were three main weaknesses that stood out. First, the inability to raise funds because the new nation was badly in debt and taxes couldn’t be levied because of the Articles of Confederation. This then made it hard to find a creditor, which then made it an immediate disaster and leaded to trouble for the new nation. Second, the need for unanimity to make changes was one of the weaknesses under the Articles. In 1781, a nation bank was asked to help the national debt and facilitate credit. Because of this, a system of reserves was creat ed by the capitol. This then put a 5 percent tax on all imported goods. Each state had to approve of these happenings under the Articles of Confederation, unfortunately Rhode Island didn’t agree on this taxation. This then forced the bill to die, and the plans were unable to be cleared. The last weakness of the Articles was the lack of authority over international trade. The commerce between states suffered because there was no centralized authority. Each state had its own form of currency and taxes it was hard to trade goods over their stateShow MoreRelatedArticles Of The Articles Confederation961 Words   |  4 PagesThe Articles of the Confederation The Articles of Confederation was ratified on March 1, 1781. It limited Congress’s influence and power over the colonies, but allowed them to manage foreign relations or Indian affairs, coin money, maintain a postal service and as a last solution, intervene with any disputes between the states. After the Revolution, Americans wanted to avoid tyrannical or monarchy government, therefore letting each state rule over themselves would eliminate having to report to higherRead MoreArticles On The Articles Of Confederation1069 Words   |  5 Pagesin the Articles of Confederation, which was addressed in the Constitution. The paper will cover the how the Constitution addressed the complaints in the Declaration of Independence. Another topic of the paper will be the Great Compromise and how the representation of states in Congress was determined. Finally, the paper will view the treatment of slaves for the purpose of representation and the effects thereof. Weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation Early weaknesses in the Articles of ConfederationRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation Essay1332 Words   |  6 Pageswas written 18 years after America won independence from England on July 4, 1776. 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The nation faced many economic and politicalRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation Essay1574 Words   |  7 PagesTo have more power than what is normally allowed, would that not be similar to that of a dictator? The issue of power in America goes all the way back to the creation of the Articles of Confederation. As history shows, that syste m ended in a complete failure because of how scattered it was on top of the power each state possessed. This was a huge problem for the country, so by March 4th, 1789, the United States Constitution went into effect and changed America forever. It addressed most problemsRead MoreThe Articles Of Confederation2202 Words   |  9 PagesWith the dilemma of revising the failures of the Articles of Confederation, a group of people known as the Federalists; wrote a bundle of essays for the proposal of a new Constitution, also known as the Federalist Papers. 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I will address some of the differences between the Constitution and The Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation were designed and formed from the thirteen states that created a Confederation known as the â€Å"league of friendship†; their goal was to find solutions for problems; and one of the first attempts to create a system. The Articles of Confederation was our nation’s first constitution; during the last years of the Revolutionary war, the governmentRead MoreThe Articles of Confederation Essay973 Words   |  4 PagesConstitutional Convention, Washington’s presidency, or the three branches of government; the Articles of Confederation were created. This fledgling government, proposed in 1777, was doomed to never take flight, being replaced in 1789, when the Constitution was effected under Washington. This raises the question: Why did the United States discard The Articles of Confederation for the Constitution? Ultimately, the Articles were simply a weak form of government. However, economic issues, difficulty of ratificationRead MoreE ssay on The Articles of Confederation523 Words   |  3 Pagesmaintaining order. However, the first document crafted by the founding fathers, the Articles of Confederation, did preserve the country new found independence but it did not maintain order. The Articles of Confederation described by many founding fathers to be a document that was crafted to satisfy needs of every state for its ratification, even when the document did not present a responsible democracy. The Articles of Confederation granted all national powers to the congress; however, it allowed each state

Arctic Monkeys Whatever People Say I Am, That’s What I’m Not free essay sample

â€Å"Anticipation has a habit to set you up for disappointment,† sings Arctic Monkeys front-man Alex Turner, and if anyone should know, its him. In barely a year, his band of Sheffield teenagers has gone from an unsigned garage band posting their demos online to the biggest band in Britain with â€Å"Whatever People Say I Am, Thats What Im Not† becoming the fastest selling British debut ever. Anticipation had been mounting even before the band signed to buzz-label Domino. Their sold-out hometown gigs were attended by rabid fans from all over the country. With all the hype around the bands fame, its easy to forget the music, which does not disappoint. The band is centered around Turner and his poetic tales of youth in suburban England. His words are sung with passion, and the speed and precision of a rap artist. He tells the angry tales of many teens in Sheffield and the many English towns like it. We will write a custom essay sample on Arctic Monkeys Whatever People Say I Am, That’s What I’m Not or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hes angry at rude bouncers, girlfriends with less than sunny dispositions, and the countless unoriginal bands jumping onto the scene. As Turners accented vocals are laid down thicker than molasses, the Monkeys back him up with a tight post punk that contains more hooks in one song than most bands can achieve in a whole album. Last October, the Monkeys dropped their first single, â€Å"I Bet You Look Good On The Dance Floor.† This raucous number, which debuted at number one on the British singles chart, gets the album into full swing in the number two slot. From there, the CD barely lets up its racecar pace, with a string of solid songs that barely push three minutes each. The combination of jittery power chords and swiftly picked riffs wins on almost every track. But the Monkeys save their best for last, and the last three songs end with a bang. â€Å"When The Sun Goes Down† is a grimy song about the guys and gals who roam the dark streets. Turners wit is evident around every lyrical turn as he croons, â€Å"So whos that girl there?/I wonder what went wrong so that she had to roam the streets/She dont do major credit cards/I doubt she does receipts/Its all not quite legitimate.† Next is the scornful â€Å"From the Ritz to the Rubble,† during which Turner angrily describes his failed odyssey into a nightclub, complete with put-downs to the condescending bouncer. The album closes with the epic â€Å"A Certain Romance.† This five-and-a-half minute opus is filled with bouncy ska rhythms, a poignant solo, and Turners constant stream of above-par lyrics. He comments on the sunken state of small-town England with striking clarity and verbosity. When the song and album come to a close, the listener feels surprisingly satisfied. The ultimate triumph is not the songs themselves, but the emotions they provoke. Every song is filled with lust, passion, and the desirous rage that flow through the veins of the teenage spirit. Its through these songs that the Arctic Monkeys claim their title as the hottest young British band today.